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1.
Zhi Zhou, Jing Liu, Hui Li, Jinping Ou. A New Kind of High Durable
Traffic Weighbridge based on FBG sensors. Proceeding of 17th
Optical Fibre Sensors Conference, (SPIE), Bruges, Belgium, 2005
A
New Kind of High Durable Traffic Weighbridge Based on FBG Sensors
Zhi Zhou *, Jing Liu , Hui Li, Jinping Ou
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, China, 150090
ABSTRACT
Durability is the key problem of traditional traffic weighbridge
based on electrical gauges. In this paper, a new kind of high
durable traffic weighbridge based on FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating)
sensors has been studied and developed. The principle of the
smart FBG-weighbridge is based on that the traffic weight can
be gotten from the deformation of the reinforced concrete beam
with embedded FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) - packaged FBG
strain sensors. The FBG-based weighbridge is designed to be
a reinforced concrete board supported by composite beams, and
the truck load is shared by the composite beams. A 30-ton full
scale FBG-based weighbridge has been set up, and the results
from the tests and calibration analysis show that this kind
of weighbridge features high durability, simplicity, convenience,
low cost, etc. This new kind of FBG-based weighbridge shows
good prospect in future to replace the traditional traffic weighbridge
for long-term monitoring of traffic load.
Keywords: Optical FBG; weighbridge; FRP-OFBG composite rebar,
Road and bridge
2. Zhou Zhi, OU Jinping. A new kind of
smart bridge cable based on FBG sensors SPIE v.5502 2004: 196-199
A new kind of smart bridge cable based
on FBG sensors
ZHOU Zhi*, ZHAO Xuefeng, WANG Chuan, ZHANG Zhichun, HU Qingli,
OU Jinping
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Tech., Harbin,
Haihe Road 202, China,150090
ABSTRACT
The feasibility and advantages of smart bridge cable based
on FBGs are discussed. And the sensing properties of FBGs installed
in the cables under dead load are tested. The experimental results
and practical applications show that the smart bridge cable
is proper to be used in bridge cables transfer, construction
control and long-term health monitoring.
Keywords: FBG sensor, smart bridge cable, structural health
monitoring, strain
3. Zhi Zhou, Chunguang Lan, Jinping Ou,
A novel ice-pressure sensor based on dual FBGs. Smart Structures
& Materials/NDE Joint Conference: Sensors and Smart Structures
Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, SPIE,
San Diego, USA, 2005
A novel ice-pressure sensor based on
dual FBGs
Zhi Zhou, Chunguang Lan, Taiming Lin, Jinping Ou?
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, 150090, China
ABSTRACT
Ice pressure is one of the most important loads in high-latitude
area. It is challengeable to build a durable and stable real-time
structural health monitoring system for ice-pressure under such
aggressive environment as windiness, coldness, and even vibrating,
which can not be met by strain gauge based sensors, whereas
FBG fits it well due to its great advantage of corrosion resistance,
absolute measurement, high accuracy, electro-magnetic resistance,
quasi-distribution sensing, absolute measurement and so on.
In this paper, a novel FBG based ice-pressure sensor has been
developed. Firstly, in consideration of the monitoring of ice-pressure
of offshore platform, a novel ice pressure sensor structure
has been designed and it sensing principle is given in details,
which theoretically shows the properties of temperature self-compensation
and independence of the load position. And secondly, the properties
of FBG-based ice-pressure sensor have been tested by experiments.
Finally, theoretical sensitivity has been compared with that
from experiments. The research results show that the FBG-based
ice-pressure sensor has good linearity, repetition, immunity
of temperature changes and loading position. Such kind of FBG-based
ice-pressure sensor can be used to monitor ice load of offshore
platform conveniently.
Key words: FBG, temperature self-compensation, ice-pressure
sensor, structural health monitoring, offshore platform
4. Zhi Zhou, Zhichun Zhang, Jinping Ou.
Applications of FRP-OFBG Sensors on Bridge Cables. Smart Structures
& Materials/NDE Joint Conference: Sensors and Smart Structures
Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, SPIE,
San Diego, USA, 2005
Applications of FRP-OFBG Sensors on
Bridge Cables
Zhi Zhou, Nianchun Deng, Zhichun Zhang, Xuefeng Zhao, Dongsheng
Li, Jinping Ou*
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Tech., Harbin,
Haihe Road 202, China,150090
ABSTRACT
It is still a practical problem how to effectively install
FBG sensors on bridge cabes. In this paper, a simple and effective
solution is introduced to develop smart bridge cables using
FRP-OFBG bars developed in HIT (Harbin Institute of Technology).
Here, the FRP-OFBG bar acts as one component of the cable and
shows force resistance and well-protected sensors in service.
The installation techniques and the sensing properties of FBGs
in three kinds of cables, FRP cables, common steel-wire cable
and extruded-anchor cable, are introduced and tested under dead
load. Moreover, the preliminary introduction of a practical
field application based on this solution has been also given.
The experimental results show that the deformability of FRP-OFBG
bars in the smart cables can reach the terminal and show wonderful
accuracy, which shows that such kind of smart cable is practical
in field application.
Keywords: FRP-OFBG bar, bridge cable, structural health monitoring,
strain sensor, FRP bridge cable
5. Chuan Wang, Zhi Zhou, Qingli Hu, Jinping
Ou. Construction Control of Mass Concrete of Nanjing 3rd Yangtze
Bridge using FRP-packaged FBG sensors. Proceeding of 17th Optical
Fibre Sensors Conference, Bruges, Belgium, 2005
Construction Control of Mass Concrete
of Nanjing 3rd Yangtze Bridge using FRP-packaged FBG sensors
Chuan Wang*, Zhi Zhou, Qingli Hu, Jinping Ou
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, China, 150090
ABSTRACT
It is a great challenge to prevent cracks occurring due to the
temperature deviation of inside and exterior of large mass concrete
structures during construction. 237 FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer)-packaged
FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) temperature and strain sensors have
been used to monitor the temperature and strain course of mass
concrete structures for construction control of Nanjing 3rd
Yangtze Bridge. The practical investigation results show that
the FRP-packaged FBG sensors are proper for construction control
of mass concrete structures, which show great advantages rather
than conventional sensors.
Keywords: FBG sensor, FRP-packaged technique, mass concrete,
construction control, Bridge
6. Zhi Zhou and Jinping OU. Development
of FBG sensors for Structural Health Monitoring in civil infrastructures.
Proceeding of North American Euro-Pacific Workshop “Sensing
Issues in Civil Structural Health Monitoring” , 2004, Waikiki
Beach, Oahu ,Hawaii ,USA
DEVELOPMENT OF FBG SENSORS FOR STRUCTURAL
HEALTH MONITORING IN CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURES
Zhi Zhou and Jinping OU
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
Abstract: In recent years, FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) has been
accepted as a new kind of sensing element for structural health
monitoring (SHM) in civil infrastructures. Cost of FBG fabrication,
high-quality FBG demodulation system, practical encapsulation
(package) techniques and indirect FBG-based sensors, and practical
applications are the cores for FBG to be widely popularized
in infrastructures. In this paper, firstly, the FBG fabrication
and demodulation system are briefly introduced and the practical
needs from infrastructure are pointed out; Secondly, the practical
encapsulation (package) techniques and indirect FBG based sensors
from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), have been conducted;
Thirdly, some practical applications, taken as examples, are
carried out; Finally, the future studies and problems are also
set forth. Researches and practical applications show that FBG
sensors have become one of the key sensors in SHM instead of
some conventional electrical sensors.
Key words: FBG, sensor, structural health monitoring, civil
infrastructure.
7. ZHOU Zhi, OU Jinping. Encapsulation
Techniques for FBG and Smart Monitoring for Bridges with FBG
Sensors. International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring
, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2003
Encapsulation Techniques for FBGs and
Smart Monitoring for Bridges with FBG Sensors
OU Jinping ZHOU Zhi ZHAO Xuefeng
ABSTRACT
Optical fiber sensors, especially fiber Bragg grating (FBG)
sensors, have been the focus for structural health monitoring
due to their distinguishing advantages: electro-magnetic resistance,
small size, resistance to corrosion, multiplexing a large number
of sensors along a single fiber, etc. In this paper, firstly,
due to the fragility of bare FBG, 2 novel encapsulation techniques
for bare FBGs strain sensors are put forward and their sensing
properties are studied. Secondly, the techniques of FBG sensors
installation have been explored, and 15 FBG strain and 3 FBG
temperature sensors have been successfully installed in 2 prestressed
box girders during the construction of Heilongjiang Hulan River
Bridge. The box girder’s deformation, under prestress tension
and dead load during construction, has been monitored by the
FBG sensors. The deformation and temperature of the bridge in
service have been also monitored by the installed FBG sensors.
The fact that the FBG sensors have withstood the ordeal for
more than 2 years proves that their durability and stability
satisfies the need of bridge’s health monitoring. Finally, the
bridges under construction, such as Heida Niutoushan Bridge
and Songhua River Bridge, which have been installed FBG sensors,
are also biefly introduced.
8. Zhi ZHOU, Bo WANG, Jinping OU. Local
Damage Detection of RC Structures With Distributive FRP-OFBG
Sensors. Second International Workshop on Structural Health
Monitoring of Innovative Civil Engineering Structures, Winnipeg,
Manitoba, Canada, September 22-23, 2004:.205-214
Local Damage Detection of RC Structures
With Distributive FRP-OFBG Sensors
Zhi ZHOU Bo WANG Jinping OU
Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Abstract
Damages detection and identification is the core of structural
health monitoring. It is very difficult to detect and locate
damage of inner slip cracks in RC structures by traditional
sensors. In this paper, a distributive smart sensor, also named
FRP-OFBG bar, has been developed，and its sensing properties
have also been studied. FRP-OFBG integrates the mechanical properties
of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and the sensing properties
of Optical Fiber Bragg Grating (OFBG). In order to investigate
the inner slip cracks in RC structures with distributive FRP-OFBG
sensors, 12 FRP-OFBG strengthened RC beams have been built.
The strains of concrete and FRP have been monitored by extensometers
and FBGs respectively, which directly reveal the slip cracks.
Moreover, the monitoring results agree closely with the virtual.
Experimental results show that FRP-OFBG can be used to detect
and locate local damage of slip cracks, especially the early
slip cracks. FRP-OFBG is suitable for use in intelligent infrastructures.
9. Zhi Zhou, Jilong LI, Jinping Ou. Mechanical
theory of Encapsulated FBG Strain sensors used for structural
health monitoring. The Eighth International Symposium on Structural
Engineering for Young Experts, August 20-23 2004, Xi’an, China:310-319
MECHANICAL THEORY OF ENCAPSULATED FBG
STRAIN SENSORS USED FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING*
Zhi Zhou Jilong LI and Jinping Ou
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin, 150090, P.R. China
ABSTRACT: Encapsulation technique is most important for bare
fiber Bragg gratings to be applied in practical infrastructures,
especially the ones under harsh environment. In this paper,
firstly, the basic theory of encapsulation techniques of FBG
strain sensors is studied, which is the base of the design of
FBG strain sensors. Then, the optimization design of the embedment
encapsulated FBG strain sensor, as an example, is introduced.
In order to incorporate the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced
polymer (FRP) and the sensing properties of FBG, a new kind
of composites encapsulated FBG strain sensor, named as FRP-OFBG
bar, has been developed and its size is advised as a strain
sensor. Finally, the mechanical theory has been tested by the
practical RC beams with installed encapsulated FBG strain sensors
and FRP-OFBG.
KEYWORDS: Optical Fiber Bragg grating sensor, encapsulation
technique, strain sensor, FRP, Structural Health monitoring
10. Z. Zhou, J.P. Ou, and B. Wang. Smart
FRP-OFGB bars and their application in reinforced concrete beams.
Proceedings of the first international conference on structural
health monitoring and intelligent structure, 13-15, Nov. 2003,
Tokyo, Japan: 861-866
Smart FRP-OFGB bars and their application
in reinforced concrete beams
Z. Zhou, J.P. Ou & B. Wang
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute
of Technology, Harbin, P. R.. China
ABSTRACT: Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) has become more and
more popular as construction material in civil engineering due
to its advantages of corrosion-resistance, high strength, nonmagnetic,
fatigue-resistance and so on. Optical Fiber Brag Grating (OFBG)
is now widely accepted as smart sensor due to its advantages
of electric-magnetic resistance, small size, distributing measurement,
durability, and so on. Combined the strength properties of FRP
with the sensing properties of OFBG, a new kind of smart FRP-OFBG
composite bars have been developed, and their mechanical properties,
microstructures and sensing properties are also studied. The
experiment of FRP-OFBG reinforced concrete beams under static
load has been done, and the strain of FRP bars and cracking
of concrete are monitored, especially the slip between FRP bars
and concrete, and the strain distribution of the beams. The
experimental results show that FRP-OFBG is a wonderful construction
material for civil engineering. As smart sensing element, FRP-OFBG
bars have overcome the difficulties of embedment installation
in concrete structures, and can be conveniently used in reinforced
concrete structures as sensors as well as reinforcing bars.
11. OU Jinping, ZHOU Zhi. Techniques
of optical fiber Bragg grating smart sensors and intelligent
monitoring systems of infrastructures. The First international
Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology，Havaii，USA，June
23-23, 2003
TECHNIQUES OF OPTICAL FIBER BRAGG GRATING
SMART SENORS AND INTELLIGENT MONITORING SYSTEMS OF INFRASTRUCTURES
OU Jinping
ZHOU Zhi
ABSTRACT
For the purpose of long-term health monitoring of large civil
infrastructures, the sensing principle of FBG sensors, FBG sensors
encapsulation techniques, smart composite FRP-OFBG bars and
the interface strain transfer mechanics have been studied and
developed in this paper. The intelligent monitoring system based
on FBG sensors has been developed, and the practical infrastructures,
such as bridges and offshore platform under construction and
in service have been monitored by FBG monitoring systems. The
experimental and practical applications results show that FBG
sensors are proper for long-term health monitoring of infrastructures.
12. Zhi Zhou, OU Jinping.
Techniques of temperature compensation for FBG strain sensors.
Proceeding of Asian Pascifc Fundamental Problems of Opto- and
Microelectronics (APCOM 2004), Khabarovsk, Russia，September
13 - 16, 2004:465-471
Techniques of temperature compensation
for FBG strain sensors
used in long-term structural monitoring
Zhi Zhou, Jinping Ou?
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute
of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
ABSTRACT
FBG strain sensors are more and more accepted in the area of
structural health monitoring, especially in civil infrastructures.
However, due to the fact that FBG senses both strain and temperature
simultaneously. And moreover the wavelength shift induced by
1℃ is almost equivalent to that induced by 10??. So temperature
compensation for FBG strain sensors of long-term structural
monitoring is indispensable. In this paper, based on the FBG’s
strain and temperature sensing principles, the techniques of
dual FBGs temperature compensation and the environmental temperature
compensation are brought forward. The experiment of cement paste
curing monitored by dual FBGs was carried out. And the advantage
of the technique of dual FBGs temperature compensation are proved,
which is proper for long-term structural monitoring system for
civil infrastructures.
Key words: FBG, strain sensor, temperature compensation, structural
health monitoring, infrastructures
13.飞秒激光器
用一把极其精密的“刀”可以在一根头发上镂刻两个方形的洞。这把“刀”和我们通常所认识的刀可不一样，它的名字叫飞秒激光器。
为什么叫飞秒激光器呢？首先我们要了解飞秒的概念。飞秒是一种时间单位，1飞秒只有10的负15次方秒。它有多快呢？我们知道，光速是一秒钟30万公里，而在一飞秒之内，光只能走0.3微米，这只是一根头发丝的不到百分之一。
我们日常生活中的时钟时间的分辨率是秒，而这台激光器对时间的分辨率可以达到飞秒的程度，所以叫做飞秒激光器。当一台机器对时间的分辨率达到一定的程度，它就可以看到许多我们平时用肉眼看不到的运动细节。比如，我们在影视器材的帮助下，就可以看到一个非常奇妙的世界。
飞秒激光器对时间的分辨率远远高于影视器材，经计算，这台飞秒激光器已经获得了人类在实验室中所能获得的世界上最短的脉冲。通过它，我们可以看到更快速、更微妙的运动，例如绿色植物的光合作用过程、细胞的分裂过程、电子围绕原子运动的过程等等。但是，现在这些过程还无法形成影像，飞秒激光器只能以波纹的形式将它们展出出来。不过，专业人员还是可以通过飞秒激光器做许多事情的，目前，科学家正在研究如何将它应用于检查人体内的癌细胞。
由于飞秒激光器对空间的分辨率也是极高的，以至于可以追上围绕原子核运动的电子，并将它们一个个打掉，仅剩一个孤立的原子核存在。所以，飞秒激光器还被应用于精密雕刻，所以在一根头发上镂刻两个洞也就不新奇了。
14.超快光子学器件的研究状况
(1) 飞秒激光脉冲产生的四类器件
目前已有四类激光器可用于产生飞秒激光脉冲,即：
A 飞秒脉冲染料激光器 可借助碰撞锁模方式获得飞秒级超短激光脉冲。目前，在可见光波长范围很有竞争力；
B 掺钛蓝宝石、镁橄榄石、Cr:LiSAF等固体介质的飞秒脉冲激光器. 可通过稳定的激光自锁模获得飞秒光脉冲，简单、实用、可靠，并有十分宽的调谐范围；
C 飞秒半导体激光器 多量子阱半导体激光器的成功是产生飞秒激光脉冲的关键。多量子阱半导体具有高增益、宽谱带、低色散以及强的非线性增益饱和与非常快的恢复时间等优异特性，因此能轻易获得高重复频率的飞秒激光脉冲，并将碰撞锁模、吸收与增益饱和、色散补偿等俱于一身，使器件小巧实用；
D 飞秒光纤激光器 近年来，以掺稀土元素的SiO2光纤基质为增益介质已研制出各种光纤激光器，再进一步通过主动、被动锁模或借助光纤所具有的独特的孤子效应，即可使之处于脉冲运转状态，产生飞秒激光脉冲。这种飞秒激光器的特点是全光纤结构，小巧、高效，与传输光纤兼容，因此更有重要的实用价值。
上述四种飞秒激光已基本覆盖了从紫外到中红外的波长范围，飞秒激光脉冲宽度可达7fs。
(2) TW(1012瓦)飞秒激光系统
飞秒激光器输出的单个脉冲能量一般在0.1nJ～10nJ，对应的峰值功率则在103W～105W。为了提高峰值功率，发展了飞秒激光放大技术。按重复率划分，有两类放大技术：一是低重复率(1Hz～10Hz)的，一类是高重复率(1kHz～10kHz)的；放大后单个脉冲的能量分别可达10mJ～1J，和10?J～1mJ；峰值功率分别为1010W～1013W和107W～1010W。近年，发展了啁啾放大技术，在钛宝石激光器中已获得峰值功率达1013W的结果。经聚焦后，峰值功率密度可达1018
W/cm2～1020W/cm2，即达到和超过原子的库仑场强。
2, 超快光子学中的超快过程与超快技术
飞秒激光的发展与超快过程的探测息息相关，它为我们提供了一种时间分辨率高达10-15秒的光探针，使得我们有可能了解原子、分子的结构及其超快运动过程。通常的规律是：能探测运动过程的速度越高，对微观世界在空间的认识上则越细微。因此可以说，获得的激光脉冲宽度越窄，能促使我们研究物质微观世界的层次也就越深。这样，用超快技术研究超快过程成了超快光子学的主要任务之一。
目前，对超快过程的研究表现最为活跃的方面有：
(1) 飞秒半导体物理
利用飞秒激光脉冲的泵浦—探测技术，测量半导体材料中的载流子寿命、弛豫时间等物理参数以及各种动力学过程，一直是超快光子学的主要应用课题之一。
(2) 飞秒化学中分子动力学过程
化学领域超快过程的研究受益于超快激光技术不断取得新成果。近年来发展起来的超连续飞秒激光与平台光谱超连续飞秒激光，被认为是进行飞秒化学研究的最为有力的工具。
(3) 生物光合作用的超快过程
生物以光合作用的形式，通过光循环，反复将光能转化为生物功能所需的生物化学能。在这种循环中，一些环节是超快过程。超快激光技术为研究生物光合作用提供了有力工具。
(4) 飞秒光电子技术
由飞秒激光引发的超短光脉冲和光电导可以产生飞秒量级的电脉冲，它比用常规电子技术产生的电脉冲在宽度上要短数个量级。这种光电子脉冲很快被用于超快逻辑电路、超快光电子计算、超高速超高频电子器件等，并由此形成了一门新的学科—超快光电子学。
(5) 飞秒光谱全息技术
不同于常规的全息术,这种飞秒光谱全息是在时域中实现光脉冲信号的记录、处理和再现。利用这种新颖的飞秒光谱全息术已首次实现了飞秒脉冲信号的时间反演、相关、卷积与合成处理等。这一成果将对光学信息处理及全息技术产生重大影响。
(6) 光层析(OCT)及光子成象技术
对埋藏在高度散射介质中的物体的光学成象研究是一个颇具意义并富有挑战性的课题,原因在于它潜在的生物学及医学方面的重要应用前景。近来,以超短光脉冲技术为核心的时间分辨方法,被证明是一种实现高散射介质中物体成象的有效途径。它通过提取带有信息的弹道光子和蛇形光子，进行相干选通，实现成象脉冲的测定。时间分辨率取决于入射脉冲的宽度，采用飞秒光脉冲时，其时间分辨率将达到10-15秒量级。
3, 超快、超强激光物理
目前TW级飞秒激光脉冲经聚焦后产生高达1014V/m以上的场强，这相当100倍于氢原子对其基态电子的库仑场强。如此高的场强足以在几十到几百飞秒时间里，能够将原了的几乎所有电子剥离，使其处于高剥离态。如此高的场强又足以能在一个光学周期(～2fs)内将剥离的电子加速到相对论速度。在这样的极端条件下，电子、原子、离子、等离子体的结构状态等表现出许许多多奇特的物理现象与新的运动规律，而且在其后还将孕育着诸多重大科学技术的新突破。
(1) TW飞秒激光在传输介质中的SC效应
当具有足够高峰值功率的飞秒激光在介质中传输时,因介质非线性产生的自聚焦效应与因等离子的自散焦效应相平衡时,就会使得飞秒脉冲激光在介质中传输相当长的距离后仍不发散,即出现一种SC(Self-Channel)效应。这一效应在物理、化学、大气放电等方面有极为重要的应用。
(2) 高次谐波及飞秒软X射线的产生
当足够强的飞秒激光作用于介质时,可以产生高次谐波。例如已获得165次谐波,对应的波长短至4nm～5nm,即相当于软X射线波段。这样产生的X射线有两个特点:一是其幅射持续时间为飞秒量级,二是具有相干性。因此,高次谐波效应为实现飞秒X波段的相干辐射提供了一个新的途径。
(3) Thomson散射与飞秒硬X射线产生
飞秒激光脉冲在通过电子束时可产生Thomson散射，从中得到硬X射线波段的同步辐射。由于它具有很小的尺寸和飞秒的持续时间，因此为凝聚态结构动力学等方面的研究提供了快速时间分辨手段，并将大大推动医学、生物学、物理学和材料科学的发展。
(4) 飞秒等离子体与Rydberg X射线激光
飞秒强激光经聚焦作用于介质时，其场强如此之高，以至由于多光子和隧道电离效应等，促使介质在极短时间内成为密度高达1023/cm3～1024/cm3的等离子体。
(5) 等离子体波与等离子体加速器
利用飞秒强激光产生的等离子波对粒子加速，被加速的粒子可能达到的场强,从理论上讲,要比现有加速器的场强高出103～104倍。如若获得TeV量级的粒子,只要几十米的加速距离即可。因此，利用飞秒强激光产生的等离子波来实现高能、超小型的新一代粒子加速器，已成为引人关注的热门研究课题。
当前，有两种技术途径可以实现等离子体波的粒子加速：一种是尾流场法；另一种是拍频波动法。
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